Land surveyors are professionals whose job relates to surveying land to demarcate boundaries for various structures and infrastructure. These structures and infrastructure include roads, railways, public facilities, factory structures, and private homes among others. Surveyors are usually charged with many responsibilities, which mean that they must be properly trained and licensed in order to dispense their duties to the public. Each country has requirements that surveyor must meet in order for them to practice. This is worth knowing about Missouri Boundary Survey.
The discipline of surveying is an old one. It has existed for a very long period. There is a lot of evidence existing that proves the field has been practiced by early societies like the Roman and Greek Empires. Although it was practiced on an elementary level in the past, it has been made better by the lots of improvements that have been done. Nowadays, the equipment and methods in this field are very refined.
Globally, various instruments are made use of in this field. Theodolite, 3D scanners, measuring tape, rod, GPS/GNSS, and total station are among the commonest instruments in use. Many of them are screwed onto a tripod to allow them to be utilized effectually. Normally, tape measures are applied for short distances.
In surveying, angles are measured by the use of a theodolite. Angles in the horizontal and vertical planes are measured using two separate circles, alidades, and protractors. The target object is usually aligned vertically with a telescope. Telescopes are usually mounted on trunnions. The vertical circle is used to measure the angle made by the telescope against the vertical line. This line is called the zenith angle.
One special type of theodolite is a gyrotheodolite. For this instrument to orient itself, it uses a gyroscope. In cases where the reference mark does not exist, gyrotheodolite is used. Gyrotheodolites are used in underground applications. Total stations are simply advanced forms of theodolites. That makes them essentially theodolites. The only difference is that electronic distance measurement devices are incorporated into total stations.
A total station can be used for leveling when set to a horizontal plane. Total stations were optical-mechanical devices during their initial introduction. Better technology and more development have occurred allowing total stations to become fully electronic today. Reflectors or prisms are no longer needed by modern total stations to return light pulses applied in measurement of distances. Advanced total stations are fully robotic. They are able to e-mail data to remote computers.
Modern stations can also connect to satellite positioning systems automatically. With real time kinematic GPS systems, the speed of surveying has increased a lot. However, real time kinematics GPS systems still have limited accuracy in both vertical and horizontal planes. Horizontal accuracy is accurate to only 20 mm while vertically, they have an accuracy of up to 30-40 mm.
There is a lot of variance in the way survey uses GPS and how other equipment and methods use GPS. Static GPS in surveying uses two receivers positioned in an area for a significant period of time. For the receivers to compare measurements as satellite orbit, the receivers must remain in position for a long period.
The discipline of surveying is an old one. It has existed for a very long period. There is a lot of evidence existing that proves the field has been practiced by early societies like the Roman and Greek Empires. Although it was practiced on an elementary level in the past, it has been made better by the lots of improvements that have been done. Nowadays, the equipment and methods in this field are very refined.
Globally, various instruments are made use of in this field. Theodolite, 3D scanners, measuring tape, rod, GPS/GNSS, and total station are among the commonest instruments in use. Many of them are screwed onto a tripod to allow them to be utilized effectually. Normally, tape measures are applied for short distances.
In surveying, angles are measured by the use of a theodolite. Angles in the horizontal and vertical planes are measured using two separate circles, alidades, and protractors. The target object is usually aligned vertically with a telescope. Telescopes are usually mounted on trunnions. The vertical circle is used to measure the angle made by the telescope against the vertical line. This line is called the zenith angle.
One special type of theodolite is a gyrotheodolite. For this instrument to orient itself, it uses a gyroscope. In cases where the reference mark does not exist, gyrotheodolite is used. Gyrotheodolites are used in underground applications. Total stations are simply advanced forms of theodolites. That makes them essentially theodolites. The only difference is that electronic distance measurement devices are incorporated into total stations.
A total station can be used for leveling when set to a horizontal plane. Total stations were optical-mechanical devices during their initial introduction. Better technology and more development have occurred allowing total stations to become fully electronic today. Reflectors or prisms are no longer needed by modern total stations to return light pulses applied in measurement of distances. Advanced total stations are fully robotic. They are able to e-mail data to remote computers.
Modern stations can also connect to satellite positioning systems automatically. With real time kinematic GPS systems, the speed of surveying has increased a lot. However, real time kinematics GPS systems still have limited accuracy in both vertical and horizontal planes. Horizontal accuracy is accurate to only 20 mm while vertically, they have an accuracy of up to 30-40 mm.
There is a lot of variance in the way survey uses GPS and how other equipment and methods use GPS. Static GPS in surveying uses two receivers positioned in an area for a significant period of time. For the receivers to compare measurements as satellite orbit, the receivers must remain in position for a long period.
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